背景
传统大数据平台的组织架构是针对离线数据处理需求设计的,常用的数据导入方式为采用sqoop定时作业批量导入。随着数据分析对实时性要求不断提高,按小时、甚至分钟级的数据同步越来越普遍。由此展开了基于spark/flink流处理机制的(准)实时同步系统的开发。
然而实时同步从一开始就面临如下几个挑战:
- 小文件问题。不论是spark的microbatch模式,还是flink的逐条处理模式,每次写入HDFS时都是几MB甚至几十KB的文件。长时间下来产生的大量小文件,会对HDFS namenode产生巨大的压力。
- 对update操作的支持。HDFS系统本身不支持数据的修改,无法实现同步过程中对记录进行修改。
- 事务性。不论是追加数据还是修改数据,如何保证事务性。即数据只在流处理程序commit操作时一次性写入HDFS,当程序rollback时,已写入或部分写入的数据能随之删除。
Hudi就是针对以上问题的解决方案之一。使用Hudi自带的DeltaStreamer工具写数据到Hudi,开启–enable-hive-sync 即可同步数据到hive表。
Hudi DeltaStreamer写入工具介绍
DeltaStreamer工具使用参考 https://hudi.apache.org/cn/docs/writing_data.html
HoodieDeltaStreamer实用工具 (hudi-utilities-bundle中的一部分) 提供了从DFS或Kafka等不同来源进行摄取的方式,并具有以下功能。
- 从Kafka单次摄取新事件,从Sqoop、HiveIncrementalPuller输出或DFS文件夹中的多个文件
- 支持json、avro或自定义记录类型的传入数据
- 管理检查点,回滚和恢复
- 利用DFS或Confluent schema注册表的Avro模式。
- 支持自定义转换操作
场景说明
- 生产库数据通过CDC工具(debezium)实时录入到MRS集群中Kafka的指定topic里。
- 通过Hudi提供的DeltaStreamer工具,读取Kafka指定topic里的数据并解析处理。
- 同时使用DeltaStreamer工具将处理后的数据写入到MRS集群的hive里。
样例数据简介
生产库MySQL原始数据:
CDC工具debezium简介
对接步骤具体参考:https://fusioninsight.github.io/ecosystem/zh-hans/Data_Integration/DEBEZIUM/
完成对接后,针对MySQL生产库分别做增、改、删除操作对应的kafka消息
增加操作: insert into hudi.hudisource3 values (11,“蒋语堂”,“38”,“女”,“图”,“播放器”,“28732”);
对应kafka消息体:
更改操作: UPDATE hudi.hudisource3 SET uname=‘Anne Marie333’ WHERE uid=11;
对应kafka消息体:
删除操作: delete from hudi.hudisource3 where uid=11;
对应kafka消息体:
调试步骤
华为MRS Hudi样例工程获取
根据实际MRS版本登录github获取样例代码: https://github.com/huaweicloud/huaweicloud-mrs-example/tree/mrs-3.1.0
打开工程SparkOnHudiJavaExample
样例代码修改及介绍
- debeziumJsonParser
说明:对debezium的消息体进行解析,获取到op字段。
源码如下:
package com.huawei.bigdata.hudi.examples;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.TypeReference;
public class debeziumJsonParser {
public static String getOP(String message){
JSONObject json_obj = JSON.parseObject(message);
String op = json_obj.getJSONObject("payload").get("op").toString();
return op;
}
}
- MyJsonKafkaSource
说明:DeltaStreamer默认使用org.apache.hudi.utilities.sources.JsonKafkaSource消费kafka指定topic的数据,如果消费阶段涉及数据的解析操作,则需要重写MyJsonKafkaSource进行处理。
以下是源码,增加注释
package com.huawei.bigdata.hudi.examples;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.Feature;
import org.apache.hudi.common.config.TypedProperties;
import org.apache.hudi.common.util.Option;
import org.apache.hudi.config.HoodieWriteConfig;
import org.apache.hudi.utilities.deltastreamer.HoodieDeltaStreamerMetrics;
import org.apache.hudi.utilities.schema.SchemaProvider;
import org.apache.hudi.utilities.sources.InputBatch;
import org.apache.hudi.utilities.sources.JsonSource;
import org.apache.hudi.utilities.sources.helpers.KafkaOffsetGen;
import org.apache.hudi.utilities.sources.helpers.KafkaOffsetGen.CheckpointUtils;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaRDD;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession;
import org.apache.spark.streaming.kafka010.KafkaUtils;
import org.apache.spark.streaming.kafka010.LocationStrategies;
import org.apache.spark.streaming.kafka010.OffsetRange;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Read json kafka data.
*/
public class MyJsonKafkaSource extends JsonSource {
private static final Logger LOG = LogManager.getLogger(MyJsonKafkaSource.class);
private final KafkaOffsetGen offsetGen;
private final HoodieDeltaStreamerMetrics metrics;
public MyJsonKafkaSource(TypedProperties properties, JavaSparkContext sparkContext, SparkSession sparkSession,
SchemaProvider schemaProvider) {
super(properties, sparkContext, sparkSession, schemaProvider);
HoodieWriteConfig.Builder builder = HoodieWriteConfig.newBuilder();
this.metrics = new HoodieDeltaStreamerMetrics(builder.withProperties(properties).build());
properties.put("key.deserializer", StringDeserializer.class);
properties.put("value.deserializer", StringDeserializer.class);
offsetGen = new KafkaOffsetGen(properties);
}
@Override
protected InputBatch<JavaRDD<String>> fetchNewData(Option<String> lastCheckpointStr, long sourceLimit) {
OffsetRange[] offsetRanges = offsetGen.getNextOffsetRanges(lastCheckpointStr, sourceLimit, metrics);
long totalNewMsgs = CheckpointUtils.totalNewMessages(offsetRanges);
LOG.info("About to read " + totalNewMsgs + " from Kafka for topic :" + offsetGen.getTopicName());
if (totalNewMsgs <= 0) {
return new InputBatch<>(Option.empty(), CheckpointUtils.offsetsToStr(offsetRanges));
}
JavaRDD<String> newDataRDD = toRDD(offsetRanges);
return new InputBatch<>(Option.of(newDataRDD), CheckpointUtils.offsetsToStr(offsetRanges));
}
private JavaRDD<String> toRDD(OffsetRange[] offsetRanges) {
return KafkaUtils.createRDD(this.sparkContext, this.offsetGen.getKafkaParams(), offsetRanges, LocationStrategies.PreferConsistent()).filter((x)->{
//过滤空行和脏数据
String msg = (String)x.value();
if (msg == null) {
return false;
}
try{
String op = debeziumJsonParser.getOP(msg);
}catch (Exception e){
return false;
}
return true;
}).map((x) -> {
//将debezium接进来的数据解析写进map,在返回map的tostring, 这样结构改动最小
String msg = (String)x.value();
String op = debeziumJsonParser.getOP(msg);
JSONObject json_obj = JSON.parseObject(msg, Feature.OrderedField);
Boolean is_delete = false;
String out_str = "";
Object out_obj = new Object();
if(op.equals("c")){
out_obj = json_obj.getJSONObject("payload").get("after");
}
else if(op.equals("u")){
out_obj = json_obj.getJSONObject("payload").get("after");
}
else {
is_delete = true;
out_obj = json_obj.getJSONObject("payload").get("before");
}
Map out_map = (Map)out_obj;
out_map.put("_hoodie_is_deleted",is_delete);
out_map.put("op",op);
return out_map.toString();
});
}
}
- TransformerExample
说明: 入湖hudi表或者hive表时候需要指定的字段
以下是源码,增加注释
package com.huawei.bigdata.hudi.examples;
import org.apache.hudi.common.config.TypedProperties;
import org.apache.hudi.utilities.transform.Transformer;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaRDD;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
import org.apache.spark.sql.Row;
import org.apache.spark.sql.RowFactory;
import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession;
import org.apache.spark.sql.types.DataTypes;
import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructField;
import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructType;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 功能描述
* 对获取的数据进行format
*/
public class TransformerExample implements Transformer, Serializable {
/**
* format data
*
* @param JavaSparkContext jsc
* @param SparkSession sparkSession
* @param Dataset<Row> rowDataset
* @param TypedProperties properties
* @return Dataset<Row>
*/
@Override
public Dataset<Row> apply(JavaSparkContext jsc, SparkSession sparkSession, Dataset<Row> rowDataset,
TypedProperties properties) {
JavaRDD<Row> rowJavaRdd = rowDataset.toJavaRDD();
List<Row> rowList = new ArrayList<>();
for (Row row : rowJavaRdd.collect()) {
Row one_row = buildRow(row);
rowList.add(one_row);
}
JavaRDD<Row> stringJavaRdd = jsc.parallelize(rowList);
List<StructField> fields = new ArrayList<>();
builFields(fields);
StructType schema = DataTypes.createStructType(fields);
Dataset<Row> dataFrame = sparkSession.createDataFrame(stringJavaRdd, schema);
return dataFrame;
}
private void builFields(List<StructField> fields) {
fields.add(DataTypes.createStructField("uid", DataTypes.IntegerType, true));
fields.add(DataTypes.createStructField("uname", DataTypes.StringType, true));
fields.add(DataTypes.createStructField("age", DataTypes.StringType, true));
fields.add(DataTypes.createStructField("sex", DataTypes.StringType, true));
fields.add(DataTypes.createStructField("mostlike", DataTypes.StringType, true));
fields.add(DataTypes.createStructField("lastview", DataTypes.StringType, true));
fields.add(DataTypes.createStructField("totalcost", DataTypes.StringType, true));
fields.add(DataTypes.createStructField("_hoodie_is_deleted", DataTypes.BooleanType, true));
fields.add(DataTypes.createStructField("op", DataTypes.StringType, true));
}
private Row buildRow(Row row) {
Integer uid = row.getInt(0);
String uname = row.getString(1);
String age = row.getString(2);
String sex = row.getString(3);
String mostlike = row.getString(4);
String lastview = row.getString(5);
String totalcost = row.getString(6);
Boolean _hoodie_is_deleted = row.getBoolean(7);
String op = row.getString(8);
Row returnRow = RowFactory.create(uid, uname, age, sex, mostlike, lastview, totalcost, _hoodie_is_deleted, op);
return returnRow;
}
}
- DataSchemaProviderExample
说明: 分别指定MyJsonKafkaSource返回的数据格式为source schema,TransformerExample写入的数据格式为target schema
以下是源码
package com.huawei.bigdata.hudi.examples;
import org.apache.avro.Schema;
import org.apache.hudi.common.config.TypedProperties;
import org.apache.hudi.utilities.schema.SchemaProvider;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
/**
* 功能描述
* 提供sorce和target的schema
*/
public class DataSchemaProviderExample extends SchemaProvider {
public DataSchemaProviderExample(TypedProperties props, JavaSparkContext jssc) {
super(props, jssc);
}
/**
* source schema
*
* @return Schema
*/
@Override
public Schema getSourceSchema() {
Schema avroSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(
"{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"hoodie_source\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"uid\",\"type\":\"int\"},{\"name\":\"uname\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"name\":\"age\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"name\":\"sex\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"name\":\"mostlike\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"name\":\"lastview\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"name\":\"totalcost\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"name\":\"_hoodie_is_deleted\",\"type\":\"boolean\"},{\"name\":\"op\",\"type\":\"string\"}]}");
return avroSchema;
}
/**
* target schema
*
* @return Schema
*/
@Override
public Schema getTargetSchema() {
Schema avroSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(
"{\"type\":\"record\",\"name\":\"mytest_record\",\"namespace\":\"hoodie.mytest\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"uid\",\"type\":\"int\"},{\"name\":\"uname\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"name\":\"age\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"name\":\"sex\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"name\":\"mostlike\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"name\":\"lastview\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"name\":\"totalcost\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"name\":\"_hoodie_is_deleted\",\"type\":\"boolean\"},{\"name\":\"op\",\"type\":\"string\"}]}");
return avroSchema;
}
}
将工程打包(hudi-security-examples-0.7.0.jar)以及json解析包(fastjson-1.2.4.jar)上传至MRS客户端
DeltaStreamer启动命令
登录客户端执行一下命令获取环境变量以及认证
source /opt/hadoopclient/bigdata_env
kinit developuser
source /opt/hadoopclient/Hudi/component_env
DeltaStreamer启动命令如下:
spark-submit --master yarn-client \
--jars /opt/hudi-demo2/fastjson-1.2.4.jar,/opt/hudi-demo2/hudi-security-examples-0.7.0.jar \
--driver-class-path /opt/hadoopclient/Hudi/hudi/conf:/opt/hadoopclient/Hudi/hudi/lib/*:/opt/hadoopclient/Spark2x/spark/jars/*:/opt/hudi-demo2/hudi-security-examples-0.7.0.jar \
--class org.apache.hudi.utilities.deltastreamer.HoodieDeltaStreamer \
spark-internal --props file:///opt/hudi-demo2/kafka-source.properties \
--target-base-path /tmp/huditest/delta_demo2 \
--table-type COPY_ON_WRITE \
--target-table delta_demo2 \
--source-ordering-field uid \
--source-class com.huawei.bigdata.hudi.examples.MyJsonKafkaSource \
--schemaprovider-class com.huawei.bigdata.hudi.examples.DataSchemaProviderExample \
--transformer-class com.huawei.bigdata.hudi.examples.TransformerExample \
--enable-hive-sync --continuous
kafka.properties配置
// hudi配置
hoodie.datasource.write.recordkey.field=uid
hoodie.datasource.write.partitionpath.field=
hoodie.datasource.write.keygenerator.class=org.apache.hudi.keygen.NonpartitionedKeyGenerator
hoodie.datasource.write.hive_style_partitioning=true
hoodie.delete.shuffle.parallelism=10
hoodie.upsert.shuffle.parallelism=10
hoodie.bulkinsert.shuffle.parallelism=10
hoodie.insert.shuffle.parallelism=10
hoodie.finalize.write.parallelism=10
hoodie.cleaner.parallelism=10
hoodie.datasource.write.precombine.field=uid
hoodie.base.path = /tmp/huditest/delta_demo2
hoodie.timeline.layout.version = 1
// hive config
hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.table=delta_demo2
hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_fields=
hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.assume_date_partitioning=false
hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_extractor_class=org.apache.hudi.hive.NonPartitionedExtractor
hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.use_jdbc=false
// Kafka Source topic
hoodie.deltastreamer.source.kafka.topic=hudisource
// checkpoint
hoodie.deltastreamer.checkpoint.provider.path=hdfs://hacluster/tmp/delta_demo2/checkpoint/
// Kafka props
bootstrap.servers=172.16.9.117:21005
auto.offset.reset=earliest
group.id=a5
offset.rang.limit=10000
注意:kafka服务端配置 allow.everyone.if.no.acl.found 为true
使用Spark查询
spark-shell --master yarn
val roViewDF = spark.read.format("org.apache.hudi").load("/tmp/huditest/delta_demo2/*")
roViewDF.createOrReplaceTempView("hudi_ro_table")
spark.sql("select * from hudi_ro_table").show()
Mysql增加操作对应spark中hudi表查询结果:
Mysql更新操作对应spark中hudi表查询结果:
删除操作:
使用Hive查询
beeline
select * from delta_demo2;
Mysql增加操作对应hive表中查询结果:
Mysql更新操作对应hive表中查询结果:
Mysql删除操作对应hive表中查询结果: