前言
因工作需要，需要调研WAF和IDS产品，我经过调研选择了Modsecurity作为Web端的防火墙防护软件和Suricata作为tcp和udp层的防护，并且通过logstash将结果输出到elasticsearch中进行分析。
ModSecurity
ModSecurity是一个开源的跨平台Web应用程序防火墙（WAF）引擎，用于Apache，IIS和Nginx，由Trustwave的SpiderLabs开发。作为WAF产品，ModSecurity专门关注HTTP流量，当发出HTTP请求时，ModSecurity检查请求的所有部分，如果请求是恶意的，它会被阻止和记录。
优势
完美兼容nginx，是nginx官方推荐的WAF，支持OWASP规则 3.0版本比老版本更新更快，更加稳定，并且得到了nginx、Inc和Trustwave等团队的积极支持，而且是免费的。
安装
本文假设你已经安装了nginx，如果没有nginx，那么请参考RHEL/CentOS 安装最新版Nginx。
安装依赖
yum install epel-release -y
yum install gcc-c++ flex bison yajl yajl-devel curl-devel curl GeoIP-devel doxygen zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel autoconf automake lmdb-devel ssdeep-devel ssdeep-libs lua-devel libmaxminddb-devel git apt-utils autoconf automake build-essential git libcurl4-openssl-dev libgeoip-dev liblmdb-dev ibpcre++-dev libtool libxml2-dev libyajl-dev pkgconf wget zlib1g-dev -y
下载并且编译
cd /opt/ # 切换到/opt
git clone --depth 1 -b v3/master --single-branch https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity # 下载
cd ModSecurity/
git submodule init # 初始化
git submodule update # 更新#
./build.sh
./configure
make
make install
ModSecurity-nginx连接器
cd /opt/
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity-nginx.git
nginx -v # 查看当前nginx版本
nginx version: nginx/1.17.5
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.17.5.tar.gz
tar -xvf nginx-1.17.5.tar.gz
ls
ModSecurity ModSecurity-nginx nginx-1.17.5 nginx-1.17.5.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.17.5/
./configure --with-compat --add-dynamic-module=../ModSecurity-nginx # 如果出现不兼容的问题，请去掉--with-compat参数
make modules # 会生成如下*.so
ls ./objs/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so
./objs/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so # 查看
cp ./objs/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so /etc/nginx/modules/ # 移动位置
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
load_module /etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so; # 添加到配置文件首行
确定nginx模块加载成功：
nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful # 测试通过
启用WAF
- Include：包括modsecurity.conf文件中建议的配置。
- SecRule：创建一个规则，当查询字符串中的testparam参数包含字符串test时，通过阻止请求并返回状态代码403来保护应用程序。
下载OWASP规则
下载地址：https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs
将规则目录 owasp-modsecurity-crs-master 放置 /usr/local/nginx/conf/ 下，
然后将 owasp-modsecurity-crs-master 目录下的 modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example 改名为 modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf 。
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@localhost modsec]# sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/v3/master/modsecurity.conf-recommended
[root@localhost modsec]# sudo mv modsecurity.conf-recommended modsecurity.conf
[root@localhost modsec]# vim modsecurity.conf
# -- Rule engine initialization ----------------------------------------------
...
SecRuleEngine On <== 设置为On
#编辑modsecurity.conf 文件，将`SecRuleEngine`设置为 `on` ，并将你需要的规则导入进来：
Include modsecurity-crs/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf
Include modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_35_bad_robots.conf
Include modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_40_generic_attacks.conf
Include modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_sql_injection_attacks.conf
Include modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_xss_attacks.conf
Include modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_42_tight_security.conf
Include modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_45_trojans.conf
配置nginx
location \ {
ModSecurityEnabled on;
ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;
....其他配置
}
测试规则
SecRule ARGS:testparam "@contains leishi" "id:1234,deny,log,status:403"
curl -D – http://localhost/p?p=leishi #则返回”403 Forbidden”，说明前面配置的那条modsecuriy规则生效了，并阻拦了testparam参数中带leishi的请求
通过logstash 输出到es中
logstash配置文件
input { file { #ModSecurity审计日志的存放位置，请根据实际情况进行修改 path => ["/var/log/modsecurity/*/*/*"] start_position => "beginning" }}filter{ json{ source => "message" remove_field => ["message"] } #以下到filter节点结束的内容，是为了将ModSecurity记录的日期转换为数据库可存放的datetime格式 mutate{ split => ["[transaction][time_stamp]"," "] add_field => { "date" => "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss" } add_field => { "month" => "%{[transaction][time_stamp][1]}" } add_field => { "day" => "%{[transaction][time_stamp][2]}" } add_field => { "time" => "%{[transaction][time_stamp][3]}" } add_field => { "year" => "%{[transaction][time_stamp][4]}" } } if [month] == "Jan" { mutate { gsub =>["month","Jan",'01'] } } else if [month] == "Feb" { mutate { gsub =>["month","Feb",'02'] } } else if [month] == "Mar"{ mutate { gsub =>["month","Mar",'03'] } } else if [month] == "Apr"{ mutate { gsub =>["month","Apr",'04'] } } else if [month] == "May"{ mutate { gsub =>["month","May",'05'] } } else if [month] == "Jun"{ mutate { gsub =>["month","Jun",'06'] } } else if [month] == "Jul"{ mutate { gsub =>["month","Jul",'07'] } } else if [month] == "Aug"{ mutate { gsub =>["month","Aug",'08'] } } else if [month] == "Sep"{ mutate { gsub =>["month","Sep",'09'] } } else if [month] == "Oct"{ mutate { gsub =>["month","Oct",'10'] } } else if [month] == "Nov"{ mutate { gsub =>["month","Nov",'11'] } } else if [month] == "Dec"{ mutate { gsub =>["month","Dec",'12'] } } mutate { gsub =>["date","yyyy",'%{[year]}'] gsub =>["date","MM",'%{[month]}'] gsub =>["date","dd",'%{[day]}'] gsub =>["date","HH:mm:ss",'%{[time]}'] }}output { #该节点会将最终日志数据以JSON格式打印到控制台中，便于观测进行调试，测试无问题后可将此节点删除 stdout { codec => json { charset => "UTF-8" } } #这是导入到mysql中的 jdbc { driver_jar_path => "/usr/local/logstash-5.6.16/mysql-connector-java-5.1.48.jar" driver_class => "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" connection_string => "jdbc:mysql://服务器IP地址:数据库端口/modsecurity?user=数据库用户名&password=数据库密码" statement => [ "insert into data (client_ip,time_stamp,date,server_id,client_port,host_ip,host_port,uri,unique_id,request,response,producer,messages) values (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)","[transaction][client_ip]","[transaction][time_stamp]","[date]","[transaction][server_id]","[transaction][client_port]","[transaction][host_ip]","[transaction][host_port]","[transaction][request][uri]","[transaction][unique_id","[transaction][request]","[transaction][response]","[transaction][producer]","[transaction][messages]" ] } # 这是导入到es，这是可以选择 elasticsearch { hosts => ["192.168.33.129:9200"] index => "logwaf" } }
最后在es中的数据就是为
{"_index": "logwaf","_type": "logs","_id": "AX4Pdd0Mq558YisonVXR","_version": 1,"_score": 1,"_source": {"date": "2021-12-31 07:48:07","path": "/var/log/modsecurity/audit/20211231/20211231-0748/20211231-074807-164093688737.386422","@timestamp": "2021-12-31T07:48:08.804Z","month": "12","year": "2021","@version": "1","host": "c8bd4dde6893","time": "07:48:07","day": "31","transaction": {"client_port": 55174,"request": {"http_version": 1.1,"headers": {"Cookie": "ajs_user_id=%22d08c2741-686f-4bd1-8527-40e1e1760308%22; ajs_anonymous_id=%22764ebc96-e142-4392-ac62-a22cd43aaf1c%22; Pycharm-1a34857a=7256c262-1a06-483b-9e21-e5144bbae1a2; Hm_lvt_f4b3788b2247dd149fb7fdffe8aece79=1635765808; _ga=GA1.1.2010376713.1635765808; __51uvsct__JUFvSBqCDGdznrm5=1; __51vcke__JUFvSBqCDGdznrm5=6f1eaa0d-dafc-5edd-9afd-f6e62ef6ed88; __51vuft__JUFvSBqCDGdznrm5=1636880896220; langCookie=zh; wp-settings-time-1=1639190281; JSESSIONID=FFA49AA3640B99495C68AF8E96FE5E9C; thinkphp_show_page_trace=0|0","Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.110 Safari/537.36","Connection": "keep-alive","Sec-Fetch-Site": "none","Sec-Fetch-Dest": "document","Host": "localhost:8013","Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br","Sec-Fetch-Mode": "navigate","If-None-Match": ""61cace6a-264"","sec-ch-ua": "" Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="96", "Google Chrome";v="96"","sec-ch-ua-mobile": "?0","Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1","sec-ch-ua-platform": ""macOS"","If-Modified-Since": "Tue, 28 Dec 2021 08:44:26 GMT","Sec-Fetch-User": "?1","Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,pl;q=0.6"},"method": "GET","uri": "/?id=and%201=1"},"host_ip": "172.17.0.1","unique_id": "164093688737.386422","time_stamp": ["Fri","Dec","31","07:48:07","2021"],"host_port": 80,"response": {"http_code": 200,"headers": {"Server": "nginx","ETag": ""5bca3358-264"","Connection": "keep-alive","Last-Modified": "Fri, 19 Oct 2018 19:41:12 GMT","Content-Length": "612","Date": "Fri, 31 Dec 2021 07:48:06 GMT","Content-Type": "text/html"}},"producer": {"components": ["OWASP_CRS/3.0.2""],"secrules_engine": "Enabled","connector": "ModSecurity-nginx v1.0.0","modsecurity": "ModSecurity v3.0.2 (Linux)"},"messages": [ ],"client_ip": "172.17.0.1","server_id": "6b4dd6eb31598154db9df92bdbaca527e7b8613d"}}}
总结
Modsecurity还是非常优秀的，利用这样一款开源免费的产品做web防火墙文档和资料都不会少。而且其作者一直也在更新，值得推荐和研究，web的防火墙我们已经构建，那么tcp和udp的suricata我们下期再讲！